SELECTIVITY OF HERBICIDES

The emergence of use of biological herbicides

Serious attention to hazardous chemical pesticides began with publication of the book “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson in 1962. Scientists believe that agriculture had the greatest impact on the environment. The most reliable evidence comes from application of million tons of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with short or long adverse effects on ecosystem. Therefore, it is essential to imple...

The Effect of Herbicides

Although some work has been done on the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the numbers and kinds of organisms of the soil (Smith, Dawson and Wenzel, 1945; Hoover and Colmer, 1953), on respiration of certain soil organisms (Magee, 1954), and on the effect of this herbicide on certain processes of the soil (Newman, 1947; Jones, 1948; Carlyle and Thorpe, 1947; and Payne and Fults,...

Biochemistry of Herbicides Affecting Photosynthesis

This paper is an introduction to the primary effects of herbicides on photosynthetic electron transport, photophosphorylation and pigment syn­ thesis. Herbicides are not known to have primary effects on transcription, translation or carbon fixa­ tion, and the inhibition of lipid synthesis by the thiolcarbamates will not be considered since it is not restricted to the chloroplast. We will be con...

Analytical mass spectrometry of herbicides.

Herbicides are chemical substances that are applied to agricultural soils, gardens, lawns, or plants to destroy or to prevent the growth of undesirable vegetation. The herbicides included in this review are generally synthetic organic compounds that are ingredients in commercial herbicide products that were designated active during late 2002 in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's databas...

Herbicides in Aquatic Systems